Blood Advances

Early achievement of deep remission improves patients outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment, highlighting the need for predictive indicators before therapy initiation. This study aimed to develop a tool to predict CML treatment responses to guide optimal therapy selection. Using hierarchical clustering of complete blood count (CBC) data at diagnosis, patients were stratified into two clusters. Patients in Cluster 1 had higher BCR::ABL1IS mRNA levels at 3 and 6 months post-treatment...

Relapsed and/or refractory disease remains the leading cause of death in AML, highlighting the need for broadly applicable, high-sensitivity approaches to MRD detection. We developed AML-CAPP-Seq (Cancer Personalized Profiling by Deep Sequencing), a personalized hybrid-capture assay that tracks both canonical AML drivers and patient-specific variants identified by whole-exome sequencing. In 56 patients with longitudinal plasma and matched peripheral blood and bone marrow samples, AML-CAPP-Seq en...

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) hinges on a delicate trade-off between graft-versus-tumor control and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), mediated by donor T-cell recognition of antigens presented by recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. We hypothesized that, beyond allele-level matching, sequence divergence at peptide-binding grooves across donor and recipient HLA loci shapes these responses. To this end, we evaluated the effect of HLA evolutionary divergence...

ObjectivesThe therapeutic efficacy of rituximab has reduced the discriminatory power of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), particularly within intermediate-risk categories. To address this "risk dilution," we aimed to develop and internally validate the AB-IPI (Albumin-BCL2 Refined Prognostic Index) using a hypothesis-driven approach that integrates tumor burden, host fitness, and tumor biology. MethodsThis multi-center retrospective study analyze...

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), especially given haploidentical HSCT is now Chinas primary method, yet this context lacks reliable predictors. aGVHD initiation, involving donor T cell activation by recipient conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), depends on donor-recipient HLA disparity and its expression. We therefore developed the donor and recipient-specific HLA evolutionary divergence (DRs_HED) algorithm...

Cancer-induced bone disease is a huge burden on patient lives and costs the NHS millions of pounds every year. Breast, prostate and lung cancer can all lead to poor skeletal outcomes, but patients particularly at risk are those with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma (1). Despite response to tumour targeting treatments, patients experience debilitating bone pain and fractures, affecting quality of life (2, 3). Currently, myeloma patients who are eligible, are offered treatment with induction chemot...

T-cell lymphomas are often histologically indistinguishable from benign T-cell infiltrates. Clonality testing is frequently required for diagnosis. It lacks the spatial context and is slow and expensive, relying on complex, multiplexed PCR reactions, interpreted by experienced scientists or pathologists. We previously published details of a pair of highly specific monoclonal antibodies against the two alternatively used, but very similar, T-cell receptor {beta} constant regions, TCR{beta}1 and T...

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder classically characterized by childhood-onset bone marrow dysfunction and lifelong cancer predisposition. FA is caused by pathogenic variants in any one of 23 genes identified so far. Of these, FANCA is the most frequently mutated and accounts for disease in two-thirds of all patients with FA. The spectrum of FANCA pathogenic variants (mutations) is broad, and genotype-phenotype correlation is often unclear. Here we describe the natural history of cyto...

BackgroundSickle Cell Anaemia (SCA), a genetic blood disorder caused by a single mutation in the beta globin gene, displays a highly variable clinical course. Hydroxyurea (HU), an effective treatment, has an unclear mechanism of action. Plasma proteins can act as biomarkers for understanding disease states and response to HU treatment in SCA patients. MethodsPlasma proteome profiling of 31 healthy individuals and 76 SCA patients, including those with and without HU treatment, was performed usin...

Key pointsO_LIWe report findings from a phase 2 study of MY008211A among Chinese men and women aged [≥]18 years with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria C_LIO_LIIncreases in hemoglobin of [≥]20 g/L were maintained for up to 44 weeks of treatment with MY008211A in all 34 patientsiv C_LI Explanation of noveltyParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is characterized by red blood cell (RBC) destruction and a prothrombotic state.v Treatments exist such as complement 5 inhibitors but these carry th...

AimsTo evaluate the association between platelet indices and platelet count severity in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia during routine post-treatment follow-up. MethodsThis retrospective observational study included patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia followed at a single tertiary care center between 2011 and 2025. Demographic and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. Platelet count severity was categorized as less than 30 x 10^9/L, 30 to 100 x 10^9/L, and ...

Monitoring the change of cell populations within patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is crucial for determining the success of treatment. With current studies largely focused on determining mixed chimerism of nucleated cells, mixed chimerism for non-nucleated red blood cell (RBC) populations was rarely studied. In this study, based on the differences between donor and recipient ABO blood group surface markers and using commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs...

A role for substance P in promoting neurogenic inflammation and pain has been described in sickle cell disease (SCD). However its origin and contribution to SCD pathophysiology remain unclear. We measured substance P level in plasma from 225 patients with SCD and observed the highest concentrations during acute chest syndrome (ACS). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that substance P may induce ACS. In transgenic sickle mice, unlike control mice, intravenous injection of substance P caused leth...

ObjectivePost-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), a common complication of deep vein thrombosis, lacks objective diagnostic biomarkers and its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify plasma biomarkers and clarify pathways using integrated multi-omics and machine learning. MethodsProteomic and metabolomic profiling of 75 PTS patients and 75 controls was performed. Differential expression analysis, pathway enrichment, and protein-metabolite network analysis were conduct...

Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the complement lytic pathway protein C5, has demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, generalized myasthenia gravis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. However, recent reports have highlighted patients who exhibit a lack of treatment response, necessitating an increase in the recommended dose or a reduction in the dosing interval. In this study, we employe...

BackgroundErythrocyte indices are essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of hematologic diseases, but their determination depends on automated hematology analyzers, which limits access in regions with limited laboratory infrastructure. Although artificial intelligence approaches have been proposed for hematologic analysis, they usually rely on slide scanners or digitization systems. To date, no validated approaches have been identified in the literature that estimate these indices directly f...

ObjectiveAutoimmune diseases (ADs) markedly elevate venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, yet the shared genetic architecture and tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms of this "Autoimmune-Thrombotic Axis" remain poorly defined. We aimed to characterize the genomic landscape of immunothrombosis to identify causal links and therapeutic targets. Approach and ResultsWe integrated large-scale GWAS data for VTE and 16 ADs using a multi-omics framework, including pleiotropy scanning, local genetic correl...

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, often caused by insufficient dietary intakes. Oral supplementation is one of the means to improve iron status. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two low-dose iron supplements - >Your< Iron Forte Capsules (YIFC) and Ferrous Sulfate Capsules (FSC) - in individuals with dietary ID. One hundred and one participants (mean age 30.6 years; 98% women) with low iron stores (mean serum ferritin 16.1 {micro}g/L) were ra...

IntroductionThere is no comparison of iron phenotypes and menses, pregnancies, and live births reports of women with HFE-related hemochromatosis (HFE p.C282Y (rs1800562) homozygosity) and HFE wt/wt (absence of p.C282Y and HFE p.H63D (rs1799945)). Subjects and MethodsWe compared phenotypes and reports of non-Hispanic white women women aged [&ge;]25 y in post-population screening evaluations using univariable methods. ResultsThere were 153 p.C282Y/p.C282Y and 273 wt/wt. Median ages were 50 y (25...

IntroductionAnemia is a common and debilitating complication in cancer patients, affecting prognosis, quality of life, and treatment response. The burden of anemia may be higher in resource-limited settings due to nutritional deficiencies and limited healthcare access. However, data on anemia among newly diagnosed cancer patients in Ethiopia remain scarce. This study was aimed to determine the magnitude and predictors of anemia in newly diagnosed adult solid cancer patients in Hawassa, Ethiopia....